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India, the second-biggest buyer of Russian oil, spent as much as €2.5 billion on purchases of crude oil from Moscow in October, ahead of new sanctions being slapped on Russian entities, a European think tank has said.
India’s spending in October was unchanged from the €2.5 billion spent on buying Russian oil in September.
India remained the second-largest buyer of Russian fossil fuels in October behind China, according to the Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air (CREA).
On October 22, the U.S. imposed sanctions on Rosneft and Lukoil, two of the largest oil producers in Russia, to cut off the Kremlin’s resources for funding the Ukraine war. The sanctions have resulted in companies like Reliance Industries, HPCL-Mittal Energy Ltd and Mangalore Refinery and Petrochemicals Ltd halting imports for now.
Russia shipped 60 million barrels of crude oil in October, with Rosneft and Lukoil together accounting for 45 million barrels.
“India remained the second-largest buyer of Russian fossil fuels, importing a total of €3.1 billion. Crude oil dominated India’s purchases at 81% (€2.5 billion), followed by coal at 11% €351 million) and oil products at 7% (€222 million),” CREA said in its monthly tracking report.
Traditionally reliant on Middle Eastern oil, India significantly increased its imports from Russia following the February 2022 Ukraine invasion.
Western sanctions and reduced European demand made Russian oil available at steep discounts. As a result, India’s Russian crude imports surged from under 1% to nearly 40% of its total crude oil imports in a short span.
In September, India had spent a total of €3.6 billion- €2.5 billion on crude oil, €452 million on coal and €344 million on oil products.
According to CREA, India’s Russian crude imports in October recorded an 11% month-on-month increase. While private refiners’ imports constituted over two-thirds of India’s total imports, state-owned refineries almost doubled their Russian volumes month-on-month in October.
“In a keen development, the Rosneft-owned Vadinar refinery (in Gujarat) – now sanctioned by the EU and the U..K – increased its production to 90% in October. After the EU sanctions in July, the refinery has been importing crude solely from Russia. In October, their imports from Russia recorded a 32% month-on-month increase to their highest volumes since the full-scale invasion,” it said.
Exports from the refinery have dropped significantly (47% compared to the same month last year) to the lowest levels since May 2023, it said.
“While there was an 8% month-on-month reduction in sanctioning countries’ imports from the six Indian and Turkish refineries using Russian crude in October, the decrease was led chiefly by the EU and U.K., which recorded monthly reductions of 9% and 73%. By contrast, Australia’s imports in October saw a 140% increase to €93 million, and U.S. imports also recorded a 17% increase to €126.6 million. Both of these are yet to announce a ban on oil products made from Russian crude,” CREA said.
When Russia invaded Ukraine in February 2022, it triggered a series of sanctions from the United States, the European Union, and other Western nations, aimed at crippling Russia’s economy. One of the main sanctions was on Russian oil exports, which significantly impacted Russia’s ability to sell oil to European markets.
As a result, Russia began offering crude oil at heavily discounted prices in an attempt to find new buyers for its oil. India, with its large energy needs and an economy sensitive to oil price fluctuations, found this offer too attractive to ignore.
The price discount on Russian oil, sometimes as much as $18-20 per barrel lower than the market price of other oil, allowed India to procure oil at a much cheaper rate. In October, the discount on Russia’s Urals crude narrowed by 4% month-on-month, averaging $4.92 per barrel below Brent.
Published – November 16, 2025 11:30 am IST
