India, U.S. strike Critical Minerals deal amid China concerns

India and the U.S. on Tuesday (May 26, 2026) firmed up a key framework for cooperation in ensuring steady supplies of critical minerals, a move that comes amid growing concerns over China’s export controls on rare earth elements and strategic metals vital for global technology supply chains.

The framework on securing supplies of mining and processing of critical minerals was signed on the sidelines of the Quad Foreign Ministers’ meeting in New Delhi.

Quad Foreign Ministers meet updates on May 26, 2026

“It is something very timely and critical,” External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar said in presence of US Secretary of State Marco Rubio.

“This framework aims to deepen our cooperation across the entire critical minerals and rare earth supply chain, including mining, processing, recycling and related investment,” he said.

The External Affairs Minister said the framework will strengthen resilient and diversified supply chains, help financing of projects as well as ensuring effective management of critical minerals and rare earths.

“It is one more sign of how close our cooperation has been in a world where there are so many challenges but also so many opportunities,” he said.

In his remarks, Mr. Rubio highlighted the strategic partnership between the US and India and how important it is for the respective national interests of both countries.

“It is a tangible example of that,” he said referring to the inking of the pact.

“We are two countries that have strategic interests in ensuring reliable long-term access to critical minerals and supply chains that are important for our innovation economy,” he said.

Mr. Rubio also mentioned the U.S.-backed Pax Silica initiative.

“The groundwork was laid for this on February 4 when you joined us at the Critical Minerals Forum that we hosted in Washington DC,” he said, adding it gained momentum after India signed on to Pax Silica.

“Today, because we both have a strategic and shared interest in the fact that vibrant innovation economies such as ours cannot afford to leave the foundational materials of these industries vulnerable to single source monopoly that could deny us these things, not just in a time of conflict, but as a leverage point contrary to our sovereign national interests,” he said.

“I’m glad we were able to sign this because in addition to being an important document and important agreement, it brings a tangible example of the strategic partnership between the U.S. and India,” he said.

The Pax Silica initiative was launched in December to build a secure, resilient, and innovation-driven supply chain for critical minerals and artificial intelligence (AI).