ICMR-NIN calls for new framework to regulate processed foods

With obesity among Indian adults on the rise and household expenditure on processed foods increasing significantly over the past decade, scientists from the ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition (ICMR-NIN) have called for stronger regulation of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) and foods high in fat, sugar and salt (HFSS).

The scientists have proposed a ‘dual-axis’ regulatory framework that combines the degree of food processing with nutrient content, arguing that India needs a more comprehensive approach to addressing diet-related health concerns.

The proposal comes amid growing concerns over obesity and diet-related non-communicable diseases (NCDs). According to the researchers, India currently lacks a formal regulatory definition of UPFs, limiting the effective implementation of measures such as front-of-pack nutrition labelling, marketing restrictions and school food policies.

They contend that existing global classification systems may not adequately address India’s food landscape, as foods can be unhealthy either because they are ultra-processed, high in fat, sugar and salt, or both. Relying solely on the concept of ultra-processing or nutrient thresholds could leave significant gaps in food regulation and in the development of India’s long-awaited front-of-pack nutrition labelling system, they said.

“India’s food system is unique, and so should be its regulatory framework. Foods cannot be judged solely by how much they are processed or only by their nutrient content. A dual-axis approach will provide a scientifically robust and culturally relevant basis for food labelling, consumer awareness and future policy decisions,” said lead scientist SubbaRao M. Gavaravarapu.

ICMR-NIN Director Dr. Bharati Kulkarni said evidence-based food policies were critical as India faces the dual burden of undernutrition and rising obesity. The proposed framework builds on the Dietary Guidelines for Indians 2024 developed by ICMR-NIN, which, for the first time, incorporated both food-processing and nutrient considerations. It recommends that future regulations assess the extent of industrial processing, levels of fat, sugar and sodium, and the unique characteristics of Indian foods and culinary practices.

The scientists said adopting the framework could strengthen food classification systems, improve front-of-pack nutrition labelling, prevent misleading health claims on reformulated products and support efforts to address obesity and other diet-related NCDs in India, said a press release on Monday.